School Uniforms in Japan: A Deeper Look at School Traditions

School uniforms are a common sight in primary and secondary schools across the globe. Traditionally subdued and professional, boys’ uniforms often feature dark trousers and light-colored shirts, sometimes with a tie. Girls’ uniforms vary widely, typically consisting of a dress, blouse and skirt, or sometimes trousers. Blazers or suit jackets are also common for both genders.

The Seifuku: Japan’s Unique School Uniform Culture

Japan introduced school uniforms in the late 19th century, and today they are nearly universal in public and private schools, even extending to some women’s colleges. The Japanese word for uniform, “seifuku,” is a symbol of the country’s unique approach to school attire.

In most Japanese elementary schools, uniforms aren’t required. Instead, students typically wear yellow caps or hats, or carry yellow umbrellas when it rains. These brightly colored accessories aim to prevent traffic accidents and ensure children’s safety.

The traditional Japanese high school uniform for boys features a military-style gakuran, while girls wear a sailor-style outfit. These designs draw inspiration from Meiji-era military dress, which itself was influenced by European naval uniforms.

While some schools still adhere to these traditional styles, many have adopted more Western-inspired patterns. Boys often wear white shirts, ties, blazers or sweater vests with school crests, and tailored trousers. Girls typically wear white blouses, ties, blazers with school crests, and tartan skirts.

Sailor Suits and Subversions: The Evolution of Girls’ Uniforms

The sailor outfit, like the gakuran, resembles naval uniforms. It usually consists of a blouse with a pleated skirt, with seasonal variations for summer and winter. A ribbon tied at the front adds a touch of flair. Common colors include navy blue, grey, white, light green, and black.

Some schools include shoes, socks, and other accessories as part of the uniform. Girls often personalize their outfits with loose socks or other fashionable touches. Despite school regulations, students sometimes subvert the uniform system by wearing them incorrectly or adding prohibited elements.

The Secondhand Market and Cultural Impact of School Uniforms

The popularity of school uniforms has led to a thriving secondhand market, known as “burusera.” Sailor outfits and other school attire hold a significant place in otaku culture and Japanese media, frequently appearing in anime, manga, and doujinshi. Sailor Moon is perhaps the most iconic example of this phenomenon.